Category: Philosophy

Atheism is the absence of belief in the existence of deities or gods. It is a philosophical position or worldview that rejects theism, which is the belief in the existence of one or more gods. Atheists, therefore, do not hold any belief in a divine or supernatural being. Key points about atheism include: Absence of…

Aristotelianism is a philosophical tradition that is based on the ideas and teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 BCE). Aristotle was a student of Plato and a tutor to Alexander the Great, and his work covered a wide range of disciplines, including philosophy, logic, ethics, politics, metaphysics, biology, and more. Aristotelianism became one…

Antireductionism is a philosophical stance that opposes the reductionist approach, which seeks to explain complex phenomena by breaking them down into simpler, more fundamental components. Antireductionists argue that certain phenomena cannot be fully understood or adequately explained by reducing them to their individual parts or underlying constituents. Key features of antireductionism include: Emergence: Antireductionists often…

Antipositivism is a philosophical approach that critiques and opposes the central tenets of positivism, a scientific and epistemological outlook that emerged in the 19th century. Positivism is based on the belief that the scientific method and empirical observation are the only valid ways of acquiring knowledge, and it seeks to establish social sciences on the…

Anarchism is a political and philosophical ideology that rejects hierarchical authority, advocating for a society without centralized government or coercive institutions. It encompasses a wide range of schools of thought and ideas, each with its own perspectives on how an anarchist society should be structured and how to achieve it. While there are various anarchist…

Analytical Thomism is a contemporary philosophical movement that seeks to combine the philosophical approach of analytic philosophy with the insights of the medieval philosopher-theologian Thomas Aquinas. It aims to interpret and develop the teachings of Aquinas using the tools of modern analytic philosophy, such as rigorous logical analysis and the use of contemporary concepts and…

Analytic philosophy is a philosophical tradition that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, particularly in the English-speaking world. It is characterized by its emphasis on rigorous analysis of concepts, clarity of language, and the use of logical methods to address philosophical problems. Analytic philosophy seeks to clarify philosophical issues by breaking them…

The Alexandrian school refers to a significant center of learning and scholarship that emerged in the ancient city of Alexandria, Egypt, during the Hellenistic period. Founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BCE, Alexandria became a vibrant cosmopolitan city and a major center of intellectual and cultural exchange in the ancient world. Key features of…

Ajñana (also spelled Ajnana or Ajnana) is a Sanskrit term that means “ignorance” or “lack of knowledge” in the context of Indian philosophy and spirituality. The concept of Ajñana is an important theme in several philosophical schools, including Buddhism and Hinduism. Key points about Ajñana in different philosophical traditions: Buddhism: In Buddhism, Ajñana is one…

Ājīvika is an ancient Indian philosophical and ascetic movement that emerged during the same time as Buddhism and Jainism in the 5th century BCE. Founded by Makkhali Gosala, the Ājīvikas were followers of the ascetic teacher and adopted a deterministic worldview. The name “Ājīvika” is derived from the Sanskrit word “ājīva,” which means livelihood or…