Category: Philosophy

Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) was a German philosopher, political theorist, social scientist, and revolutionary socialist who is closely associated with Karl Marx. Engels collaborated with Marx on various works, most notably “The Communist Manifesto,” and played a significant role in developing and promoting Marxist theory. His writings contributed to the foundation of modern socialist and communist…

Karl Marx (1818-1883) was a German philosopher, economist, political theorist, and revolutionary socialist who is best known for his profound influence on the development of modern political and economic thought. Alongside Friedrich Engels, he authored “The Communist Manifesto” and laid the foundation for Marxist theory, which has had a lasting impact on various fields including…

Max Stirner, whose real name was Johann Kaspar Schmidt (1806-1856), was a German philosopher and writer known for his influential work “The Ego and Its Own” (Der Einzige und sein Eigentum). He is considered one of the key figures in the development of individualist anarchism and existentialism. Stirner’s ideas challenged traditional notions of authority, morality,…

David Friedrich Strauss (1808-1874) was a German theologian, philosopher, and writer known for his influential work in biblical criticism and his role in the development of modern biblical scholarship. He is perhaps best known for his groundbreaking book “The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined,” in which he applied historical and rational analysis to the New…

Bruno Bauer (1809-1882) was a German philosopher, theologian, and historian known for his controversial and radical ideas, particularly in the realms of theology and philosophy. He was a key figure in the Young Hegelian movement and was associated with critiques of religion and Christianity. Bauer’s ideas were influential in shaping discussions about the role of…

Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach (1804-1872) was a German philosopher and anthropologist known for his critiques of religion and his contributions to materialist philosophy. He is often associated with his critique of theology and his emphasis on human nature and its relation to religious beliefs. He was born on July 28, 1804, in Landshut, Bavaria, Germany, and…

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831) was a German philosopher known for his influential contributions to the fields of metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political theory, and aesthetics. He is considered one of the most significant figures in Western philosophy and is often associated with the development of German Idealism. He was born on August 27, 1770, in…

The Young Hegelians were a group of radical and intellectually diverse thinkers who were influenced by the philosophy of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831). They emerged during the mid-19th century in Germany and engaged in critical discussions and reinterpretations of Hegelian philosophy. The Young Hegelians were known for their opposition to the conservative and religious…

Yogachara, also known as Vijñānavāda, is a prominent school of Mahayana Buddhist philosophy that flourished in India during the 4th to 7th centuries CE. The term “Yogachara” translates to “Yoga practice” or “Practice of Yoga” and refers to the emphasis on meditation and mental cultivation as the means to attain insight and liberation. Key features…

Vivartavada is a philosophical concept within Hindu Advaita Vedanta, specifically associated with the teachings of Adi Shankaracharya, a prominent philosopher and theologian of the 8th century CE. Vivartavada is a doctrine that explains the nature of the world and its relationship to the ultimate reality (Brahman). Key features and characteristics of Vivartavada include: Illusionary Nature…