Category: Philosophy

Intuitionism is a philosophical approach to ethics and mathematics that posits that moral or mathematical truths are not discovered through reasoning or empirical observation but are instead directly apprehended through intuition or immediate insight. Intuitionists argue that certain moral principles or mathematical propositions are self-evident and do not require proof or deduction. There are two…

Intellectualism is a philosophical position that emphasizes the role of intellect and reason in shaping human understanding and behavior. It is a broad term that can apply to various areas of philosophy and thought. Generally, intellectualism emphasizes the importance of rationality, knowledge, and critical thinking in human life and decision-making. Key aspects and manifestations of…

Illuminationism, also known as Illuminative Philosophy or Hikmat al-Ishraq, is a philosophical and mystical school of thought that emerged in the Islamic world during the 12th and 13th centuries. It was founded by the Persian philosopher and theologian Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi (1155-1191 CE) and is considered one of the important schools of Islamic philosophy. Key…

Idealism is a philosophical perspective that posits that reality is fundamentally mental or conceptual in nature, rather than being entirely independent of human thought or perception. It emphasizes the primacy of ideas, consciousness, or the mind as the basis of all existence. Idealism stands in contrast to materialism, which asserts that the physical world is…

Humanism is a philosophical and ethical perspective that places a strong emphasis on the value, dignity, and agency of human beings. It is a broad and diverse movement with roots dating back to ancient Greece and Rome but gained prominence during the Renaissance in Europe. Key principles and characteristics of humanism include: Human-Centered Approach: Humanism…

Holism is a philosophical concept and a systems-oriented approach that views systems or entities as interconnected wholes, rather than a mere sum of their individual parts. The term “holism” comes from the Greek word “holos,” which means “whole.” It suggests that the whole is more than the sum of its parts and that understanding a…

Huang-Lao is a term used to refer to a synthesis of two major ancient Chinese philosophical traditions, namely, Huangdi (Yellow Emperor) and Laozi (Lao Tzu). It is considered a blend of Daoist and Legalist thought and was developed during the early Han Dynasty (approximately 3rd century BCE). The Yellow Emperor (Huangdi) is a legendary figure…

Historicism is a philosophical approach that emphasizes the importance of historical context and cultural relativity in understanding human events, ideas, and social phenomena. It is an outlook that posits that historical and cultural factors shape the development of societies, institutions, and individuals, and that historical context is crucial for interpreting and evaluating ideas and actions.…

Hinduism is one of the world’s oldest and most diverse religions, with roots in ancient India. It is often referred to as Sanatana Dharma, which means the eternal or universal path. Hinduism is not a monolithic faith with a single founder or scripture but encompasses a wide range of beliefs, practices, rituals, and philosophies that…