Category: Philosophy

Liberalism is a political and philosophical ideology that emphasizes individual freedom, equality, and the protection of individual rights. It is one of the most influential political ideologies in the modern era and has shaped the development of democratic societies and the principles of human rights. Key principles and characteristics of liberalism include: Individual Freedom: Liberalism…

Legalism is an ancient Chinese philosophical and political ideology that emerged during the Warring States period (5th to 3rd centuries BCE). It is one of the prominent schools of thought that developed alongside Confucianism, Taoism, and Mohism during this tumultuous period in Chinese history. Legalism was known for its strong emphasis on strict rule of…

Legal realism is a jurisprudential and philosophical approach to the study of law that emerged in the early 20th century in the United States. It is characterized by its emphasis on the practical and empirical aspects of law, rather than strict adherence to abstract legal principles or formalistic approaches. Legal realists sought to understand how…

Legal positivism is a theory or approach to jurisprudence and philosophy of law that emphasizes the separation between law and morality. It holds that the validity of law is not determined by its moral or ethical content but by its source or origin. Legal positivists argue that laws are rules or norms created and enforced…

Pre-Socratic philosophy, also known as Presocratic philosophy, refers to the philosophical thought that emerged in ancient Greece before the time of Socrates (circa 469-399 BCE). This period is considered the formative stage of Western philosophical inquiry and laid the foundation for the subsequent development of classical Greek philosophy. Key features of Pre-Socratic philosophy include: Natural…

The Kyoto School is a group of Japanese philosophers who developed a unique and influential philosophical movement during the 20th century. The school is named after Kyoto, the city where many of its prominent members were based. It emerged in the early 20th century as a response to the challenges posed by modernity and Western…

Kantianism is a philosophical system based on the ideas of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). It is a significant school of thought in modern philosophy and has had a profound influence on various fields, including ethics, epistemology, metaphysics, and political philosophy. Kant’s work is considered a major turning point in the history of Western…

Jainism is an ancient Indian religion that originated in the 6th century BCE. It is one of the major religions of India, along with Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. Founded by Lord Mahavira, Jainism is characterized by its emphasis on non-violence (ahimsa), non-possessiveness (aparigraha), and a profound commitment to the welfare and liberation of all living…

Islamic philosophy refers to the philosophical inquiry and intellectual traditions that emerged within the Islamic world. It spans over a millennium and encompasses a wide range of philosophical ideas, debates, and schools of thought. Islamic philosophy is deeply intertwined with Islamic theology, law, and mysticism, and it played a crucial role in preserving, transmitting, and…

The Ionian School was an influential group of ancient Greek philosophers who originated in the city-states of Ionia, located on the western coast of modern-day Turkey. The school emerged during the 6th and 5th centuries BCE and is considered one of the earliest and foundational schools of ancient Greek philosophy. The Ionian School is notable…