Category: Philosophy

Materialism is a philosophical worldview that posits that the physical world, including matter and energy, is the fundamental reality and the basis of all existence. In materialism, the physical universe and natural laws are considered to be the primary factors that shape and govern the world, and mental or spiritual phenomena are seen as products…

Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, also known as Mao Zedong Thought or simply Maoism, is a political ideology and theoretical framework that builds upon and further develops the ideas of Marxism-Leninism, with a particular focus on the contributions of Mao Zedong, the leader of the Chinese Communist Party and the founding father of the People’s Republic of China. Maoism…

Marxism-Leninism is a political ideology and a variant of Marxism that was developed by Vladimir Lenin, a Russian revolutionary and the leader of the Bolshevik Party. It combines the original ideas of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels with Lenin’s own contributions and interpretations, particularly in the context of organizing and leading a socialist revolution. Key…

Marxism is a political, economic, and social theory that originated from the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the 19th century. It is a comprehensive worldview that seeks to analyze and critique the structure of society and advocate for social change through collective action. Key principles and characteristics of Marxism include: Historical Materialism:…

Marxist humanism is a philosophical and theoretical perspective that seeks to integrate Marxist thought with humanist values and concerns. It emerged in the mid-20th century as a critical response to certain interpretations of Marxism that were seen as overly deterministic and mechanistic, with a tendency to neglect the role of human agency, creativity, and individuality.…

The Marburg School, also known as the Marburg Neo-Kantianism, was a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in Germany. It was centered around the University of Marburg and was deeply influenced by the works of Immanuel Kant, particularly his critical philosophy. The Marburg School sought to revive and reinterpret…

Madhyamaka, also known as the Middle Way, is a significant philosophical and doctrinal school within Mahayana Buddhism. It originated in India in the 2nd century CE and became one of the most influential and widely studied schools of Buddhist thought. The central teachings of Madhyamaka are attributed to the Indian philosopher Nagarjuna, who is considered…

The Lviv-Warsaw School, also known as the Polish School of Logic, was a renowned philosophical and mathematical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was centered around the cities of Lviv (formerly Lwów, now in Ukraine) and Warsaw in Poland, and it played a crucial role in the development of…

Libertinism is a term that has been used in various historical and cultural contexts to describe different behaviors and attitudes related to personal freedom, particularly in matters of sexuality, morality, and social norms. The meaning and connotations of the term have evolved over time, and its interpretation can vary depending on the historical period and…

Libertarianism is a political philosophy that advocates for minimal government intervention in individual lives and emphasizes the importance of individual freedom, personal responsibility, and voluntary cooperation. Libertarians believe that individuals should have maximum liberty to make their own choices and pursue their own interests, as long as they do not infringe upon the rights of…