Category: Philosophy

Neopositivism, also known as logical positivism or logical empiricism, was a philosophical movement that emerged in the early 20th century, primarily in the Vienna Circle, a group of philosophers, scientists, and mathematicians in Vienna, Austria. Neopositivists sought to develop a new scientific and empirically-based philosophy of language and knowledge by applying the methods of modern…

Neoplatonism is a philosophical and religious movement that emerged in the 3rd century CE as a synthesis of Platonic thought with elements of mysticism, Eastern religious traditions, and other philosophical schools. It was founded by the philosopher Plotinus (204/5–270 CE), who sought to develop and systematize the teachings of Plato, the ancient Greek philosopher. Key…

Neo-Marxism is a term used to refer to various intellectual and theoretical movements that emerged in the 20th century, which sought to revise, reinterpret, or expand upon the ideas of classical Marxism. While Neo-Marxist thinkers are influenced by the works of Karl Marx, they often address perceived limitations or developments in Marxist theory, particularly in…

Neo-Kantianism is a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as a response to and reinterpretation of the ideas of Immanuel Kant, the influential German philosopher of the 18th century. Neo-Kantian philosophers sought to revitalize and develop Kant’s critical philosophy while addressing some of its perceived limitations and ambiguities. Key…

Neoromanticism, also known as the New Romanticism, is an artistic and cultural movement that emerged as a reaction to the rationalism and materialism of the Enlightenment and the industrialization of the 19th century. It drew inspiration from the original Romantic movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries but adapted its themes and expressions…

Neohumanism, also known as neo-humanism, is a philosophical and social movement that emerged in the 20th century, particularly associated with the teachings of the Indian philosopher and spiritual leader, Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar (1921-1990). Neohumanism seeks to promote a holistic and inclusive vision of humanity that extends care and concern to all living beings and the…

Naturalism is a philosophical worldview that posits that the physical world and natural processes are the fundamental aspects of reality. It is a broad and diverse perspective that has implications in various fields, including philosophy, science, and the arts. Key principles and characteristics of naturalism include: Naturalistic Ontology: Naturalism holds that the natural world is…

Molinism is a theological view that attempts to reconcile the ideas of divine sovereignty and human free will within the context of God’s foreknowledge. It is named after the Spanish Jesuit theologian Luis de Molina (1535-1600), who developed this theological system in response to debates about predestination and free will in Christianity. Key concepts and…

Mohism is an ancient Chinese philosophical and ethical school that emerged during the Warring States period (5th to 3rd centuries BCE). It was founded by the Chinese philosopher Mozi (also known as Mo Tzu or Mo Di), who sought to address the social and political turmoil of his time through a philosophy of universal love,…

The Megarian School was an ancient Greek philosophical school that emerged during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. It was founded by Euclides of Megara, a philosopher and disciple of Socrates. The Megarian School is considered one of the lesser-known schools of ancient Greek philosophy, but it had a significant influence on later philosophical thought.…