Category: Philosophy

Objectivism is a philosophical system developed by the novelist and philosopher Ayn Rand. It is a comprehensive worldview that encompasses metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, and aesthetics. Rand presented her philosophy in several works, most notably in her novels “The Fountainhead” and “Atlas Shrugged,” and in non-fiction books like “The Virtue of Selfishness” and “Capitalism: The…

Nyaya is one of the six classical schools of Indian philosophy and is primarily concerned with the study of logic, epistemology, and the methodology of acquiring knowledge. It is one of the oldest philosophical systems in India and has had a significant influence on various aspects of Indian intellectual tradition. Key features and principles of…

Nominalism is a philosophical position that holds that abstract concepts, universals, or general ideas (such as “redness,” “humanity,” or “beauty”) do not have a real existence in the external world. Instead, nominalists argue that these concepts are merely names or mental constructs created by human beings to group and understand individual instances or particulars. Key…

Nihilism is a philosophical perspective that asserts the belief in the absence of inherent meaning, value, or purpose in life and the universe. It is often associated with the rejection of traditional moral and religious beliefs, leading to a sense of despair, emptiness, or existential crisis. Nihilism challenges the existence of objective truth, morality, and…

Nichiren Buddhism is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism that was founded by the Japanese Buddhist monk Nichiren (1222-1282) during the Kamakura period in Japan. It is named after its founder, who developed a unique interpretation of Buddhist teachings and emphasized the chanting of the mantra “Nam Myoho Renge Kyo” as the primary practice. Key features…

Neo-Vedanta, also known as Modern Vedanta or Neo-Hinduism, is a philosophical and religious movement that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries in India. It represents a reinterpretation and response to traditional Vedanta philosophy, which is based on the ancient Indian scriptures known as the Vedas and the teachings of philosophers like Adi Shankaracharya. Key…

Neostoicism, also known as New Stoicism, is a philosophical movement that emerged in the Renaissance and continued to influence Western thought in the early modern period. Neostoicism sought to revive and adapt the principles of ancient Stoicism, a Hellenistic philosophical school founded by Zeno of Citium in the 3rd century BCE. Key principles and characteristics…

Neo-Scholasticism, also known as Neo-Thomism, is a philosophical and theological movement that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries as a revival and reworking of the Scholastic tradition, particularly the thought of Thomas Aquinas, the medieval Catholic philosopher and theologian. Neo-Scholasticism sought to reconcile and synthesize Thomistic principles with modern philosophical and scientific developments. Key…

Neopythagoreanism was a philosophical and religious movement that emerged in the 1st century BCE and flourished during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. It was a revival and reinterpretation of Pythagorean teachings and ideas, named after the ancient Greek mathematician and philosopher Pythagoras (6th century BCE). Key principles and characteristics of Neopythagoreanism include: Pythagorean Teachings: Neopythagoreans…

Neopragmatism, also known as post-analytic philosophy, is a philosophical movement that emerged in the late 20th century as a continuation and development of the pragmatic tradition. It draws inspiration from classical pragmatism, particularly the works of Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey, while also incorporating insights from analytic philosophy. Key principles and characteristics…