Advaita Vedanta

Advaita Vedanta is one of the major philosophical schools of thought within Hinduism. It is a non-dualistic philosophy that explores the nature of reality and the relationship between the individual self (Atman) and the ultimate reality (Brahman). “Advaita” means “non-duality” in Sanskrit, emphasizing the oneness or non-dual nature of existence.

Key principles and concepts of Advaita Vedanta include:

1. Non-Dualism (Advaita): Advaita Vedanta posits that there is only one ultimate reality, which is Brahman, the absolute, infinite, and unchanging reality. All apparent distinctions and dualities in the world, including the distinction between the individual self (Atman) and Brahman, are considered illusory or unreal.
2. Brahman: Brahman is the supreme and transcendent reality that underlies and permeates the entire universe. It is beyond all forms and attributes and is described as Sat-Chit-Ananda, meaning existence, consciousness, and bliss.
3. Atman: Atman refers to the individual self or soul. According to Advaita Vedanta, the true nature of the individual self is identical to Brahman. The individual self is not separate from the ultimate reality but is a manifestation of it.
4. Maya: Maya is the power of illusion or ignorance that creates the appearance of duality and multiplicity in the world. It veils the true nature of reality, leading individuals to perceive themselves as separate from Brahman.
5. Jiva and Liberation (Moksha): Jiva refers to the individual soul, which is believed to be bound by ignorance (avidya) and subject to the cycle of birth and death (samsara). Liberation (moksha) is the ultimate goal of life in Advaita Vedanta, which involves realizing the non-dual nature of the self and Brahman and transcending the cycle of birth and death.
6. Jnana Yoga: Advaita Vedanta emphasizes the path of knowledge (Jnana Yoga) as the means to attain liberation. It involves self-inquiry, study of scriptures, and contemplation to gain direct insight into the non-dual nature of reality.
7. Guru-Disciple Tradition: Advaita Vedanta has a strong tradition of teacher-disciple relationships, with seekers seeking guidance from realized spiritual teachers (Gurus) to attain spiritual realization.

The teachings of Advaita Vedanta have had a profound influence on Hindu philosophy and spirituality. The philosophy provides a profound understanding of the nature of reality, the self, and the path to spiritual liberation. It has also been a subject of philosophical debates and has interacted with other schools of thought within Hinduism and beyond.